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Following Law 21/2021 and the Intergenerational Equity Mechanism (IEM), Social Security contributions rose by 0.7 points without generating higher future pensions. Although the reserve fund is growing, the pensions system faces a significant deficit and raises questions about its sustainability and necessary reforms.
Low contribution levels to pension schemes in Latin America are an enormous obstacle limiting the implementation of a broad-based social security system. Contribution rates measured as a ratio of contributors to the total labour force stand at an average of 40%, or 60% in the best of cases. Although previous studies explain…
Aunque Colombia, México y Perú implementaron importantes reformas estructurales a mediados de la década de 1990, los niveles de cobertura de protección social son muy limitados
Las cotizaciones compartidas en sistemas de aportaciones definidas ganan popularidad en países ricos y pobres como mecanismo prometedor para reducir las carencias de participación
