Publications

The impacts of climate change on people are not uniform across the population. Gaps in access to income, assets, and decision-making power mean that the effects of climate change can amplify existing structural inequalities, including those related to gender.

Spain began 2026 with persistent storms, making it one of the wettest Januaries in decades. Unevenly distributed water gains, both geographically and over time, highlight hydroclimatic volatility as increasingly relevant to Spain’s outlook.

Climate change is not neutral for potential GDP: unmanaged warming acts as a negative supply shock, while early, credible mitigation and adaptation can offset damages and may generate long-run gains, albeit with high uncertainty and strong scenario dependence.

In 2026, climate change will largely remain the same: its impacts will keep growing, as will the policies aimed at reducing them, although with diminishing momentum. We will need to keep a close eye on global climate governance, on securing more funding for adaptation, and on whether clean innovation delivers any surprises.

COP30 brought modest but real advances in adaptation, finance and just transition, despite failing to close the ambition gap or add enforcement. Systemic inertia persists, yet Brazil’s leadership in forest finance and new trade-climate items offers a positive signal.

In this publication you will find, on a weekly basis, our selection of the most relevant news regarding financial regulation.

This paper presents a methodological framework to quantify the economic impact of natural disasters. It estimates a damage function and measures employment effects using a dynamic spatial model. The 2024 DANA in Valencia validates the approach and highlights the importance of both location and compensation mechanisms.