Publications

Climate summits, like the upcoming COP31, must move from promises to implementation. Despite progress, current policies are insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement goals. A new mechanism is needed to connect national plans with financing, especially in emerging economies.

This document examines the relationship between international trade and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the context of productive integration between Mexico and the United States. A key finding is that, since the early 2000s, Mexico has become a net exporter of GHG emissions to the United States.

While global investment in renewables has doubled over the past decade, investment in power grids has increased by only 20%. In Spain, distribution grid congestion and renewable energy curtailment are consistent with a pattern of underinvestment.

In 2026, climate change will largely remain the same: its impacts will keep growing, as will the policies aimed at reducing them, although with diminishing momentum. We will need to keep a close eye on global climate governance, on securing more funding for adaptation, and on whether clean innovation delivers any surprises.

COP30 leaves mixed feelings. The good news is that, even in a climate of global geopolitical fragmentation, there remains a forum where, despite the notable absence of the United States and its contrarian stance, decisions continue to be reached through global consensus.

In a context marked by the absence of the U.S. and geopolitical divisions, COP30 seeks to move from ambition to measurable action, with concrete progress on national climate goals, financing, forest conservation, climate adaptation, and international carbon markets.

This past week marked Donald Trump's inauguration for his second term as president. This was an expected event following the official confirmation of the results that secured the Republican’s victory.