Publications

In September 2023, the balance of traditional bank deposits (sight + term) registered a real annual growth rate of 4.7%, while the current credit granted by commercial banks to the non-financial private sector (NFPS) registered annual growth of 5.4%.

There is consensus on an economic slowdown in Europe in the coming months, and Spain will be no exception. This is compounded by the evolution of inflation and the rise in the cost of credit. The question arises as to how households are coping with this situation according to their concerns and saving and spending habits.

Better settle in after a long haul. After experiencing over-deleveraging and economic slowdown in 2017, China-US trade war since 2018, 2019 African Swine Flu and this year’s most unprecedented coronavirus pandemic flare-up and the arduous work of containing it, Chinese economy might have a previous respite in 2021.

Lockdowns due to COVID-19 and the subsequent crisis have caused many individuals to stop working or substantially reduce their work hours, with the corresponding decrease or loss of the main source of income. The analysis of the financial vulnerability of households becomes especially important.

The essential lockdown measures and cessation of economic activity imposed by governments to controlCOVID-19 will have a negative impact on the economy as a whole and, in particular, on households.

Financial vulnerability refers to the ability of individuals or households to cope with a shock involving the loss of the main source of income. We establish the degree of financial vulnerability of Spanish households in three categories: highly vulnerable, vulnerable, and secure.

The ability to cope with financial shocks from one's own resources is called financial vulnerability. It is measured as the period of time that individuals can survive by covering their needs if they lose their main source of income and without using credit.

The ability to cope with financial shocks from one's own resources is called financial vulnerability. It is measured as the period of time that individuals can survive by covering their needs if they lose their main source of income and without using credit.