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Adjusted for seasonality (SA), employment grew by 0.4% q/q in the third quarter, slightly less than in the previous one. Hours worked increased (0.7% q/q), while both temporary employment (15.1% SA) and unemployment rates (10.5% SA) continued to decline.

The study estimates the employment effects of utility-scale solar and wind installations in Spain using microdata and local projection methods. Results show significant job creation, varying by phase, plant size, education, and technology, with notable spillovers to economically linked provinces.

After removing the quarter’s negative seasonal effects, employment rose by 0.7 % QoQ SWDA—0.1 percentage point above Social Security registrations—and hours worked also climbed by 0.2 %. Meanwhile, the temporary employment rate held at 15.6 % SWDA , and the unemployment rate dropped to 10.7 % SWDA .

Green skills account for 4% of employment in Spain between 2015 and 2024, in line with the EU-27 average. However, the profile of workers with green skills varies by skill type. Those with knowledge in renewable energy or environmental policies tend to be younger and more educated.

Once seasonality is discounted, both employment (0.4% q/q) and hours worked (0.1% q/q) increased at a similar pace to Social Security affiliation (0.3% q/q). Additionally, the unemployment rate declined (to 11.3%), and the temporary employment rate remained stable (15.9%).

Excluding positive seasonality, both employment (0.4% QoQ) and hours worked (0.5% QoQ) increased, but at a slower pace than Social Security affiliation (0.8% QoQ). Additionally, both the temporary employment rate and the unemployment rate dropped (to 15.9% and 11.6%, respectively).

Despite the quarter's negative seasonality, both the number of jobs (up 0.5% quarterly CVEC) and hours worked (up 0.3%) increased. Furthermore, the rate of temporary employment and the unemployment rate both fell (to 16.1% and 11.7% CVEC, respectively).