Publications

Employment grew by 0.4% quarterly SA (2.4% YoY), four tenths less than in the fourth quarter of 2025. Hours worked also slowed down, while the active population rebounded and the unemployment rate stagnated at 10.2% SA.

Employment rose 0.9% QoQ (SA), four tenths faster than in Q3. Hours worked and participation increased, while unemployment fell to 10.2% (SA). In 2025, 567,200 jobs were created (2.6%) and the jobless rate declined to 10.5%.

The study estimates the employment effects of utility-scale solar and wind installations in Spain using microdata and local projection methods. Results show significant job creation, varying by phase, plant size, education, and technology, with notable spillovers to economically linked provinces.

Once the favorable seasonality is discounted, employment rose 0.7% quarterly (SWDA), one tenth more than Social Security affiliation. Likewise, hours worked increased by 0.3% SWDA and temporary employment rates (down to 15.3% SWDA) and unemployment rates (down to 10.5% SWDA) dropped.

Green skills account for 4% of employment in Spain between 2015 and 2024, in line with the EU-27 average. However, the profile of workers with green skills varies by skill type. Those with knowledge in renewable energy or environmental policies tend to be younger and more educated.

Seasonally adjusted data shows a significant increase in both employment (0.8% q/q) and hours worked (1.2% q/q). The unemployment rate dropped to 10.8%, and the temporary employment rate decreased to 15.5%. In 2024, 471,700 jobs were created (2.2%), reducing the unemployment rate to 11.3%.

Excluding positive seasonality, both employment (0.4% QoQ) and hours worked (0.5% QoQ) increased, but at a slower pace than Social Security affiliation (0.8% QoQ). Additionally, both the temporary employment rate and the unemployment rate dropped (to 15.9% and 11.6%, respectively).