Publications

Here are all of our publications listed chronologically. You can also find the publications relating to single geography under “Publications by geography” or narrow down your search using the “Advanced filter”.

Latest publications on Trade flows

Global | Global Trade Rebounds, Driven by Asia and LatAm Despite Europe's Ongoing Weakness

13 June 2025

Global trade rebounded in April 2025, driven by Asia and Latin America, while Europe remains weak. In the U.S., imports of autos and manufacturing goods from Mexico and pharmaceuticals from Ireland gained ground, anticipating tariffs. China stayed resilient despite tensions.

Export Concentration and Economic Complexity in Türkiye and Mexico

7 March 2025

We integrate our findings in export concentration, value added in exports, and economic complexity for Türkiye and Mexico. While both countries have increased their complexity through time, targeted fiscal incentives directed towards competitive industries may help attain more complex products in exports.

Mexico | Mexico's trade is more concentrated towards the United States.

26 June 2024

As of 1Q24, Mexican exports totaled 144 billion dollars and imports totaled 146 billion dollars. 82.7% of Mexican´s exports went to the US and manufacturing exports totaled 127.1 billion dollars, 88.5% of the total. FDI as of 1Q24 amounted 20.3 billion dollars, 13.6% lower than 1Q23.

China | Structural change of the trade: forced imports substitution industrialization

12 September 2023

China's exports and imports are experiencing some structural change. The forced Chinese version of imports substitution industrialization indicates value chain upgrading and technology self-sufficiency.

Mexico | Nearshoring Outlook: Mexico’s Industrial Parks Association survey

10 July 2023

BBVA Research and the Mexican Association of Private Industrial Parks (AMPIP) conducted a survey to quantify and anticipate the effects of nearshoring in Mexico. Results assert the interest of companies to operate in Mexico and anticipate more firms to arrive within the next couple of years.

Türkiye | Positioning of the country in Global Value Chains (GVCs)

21 December 2022

Türkiye is integrated along the GVCs with strong backward and forward linkages, while searching for new opportunities in international trade. We devise an export diversification strategy to detect products and sectors that could be attained with Türkiye’s know-how and provide higher value added in trade.

Mexico | Nearshoring and BBVA Mexico's role in boosting Mexican exports

20 October 2022

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has increased the relevance of foreign trade in the Mexican economy, and led to a deep structural change of the Mexican economy.

Spain | Imports are weathering COVID-19

26 November 2020

Imports have been less affected by COVID-19 than expected. In the first half of the year, the adjustment shifted to goods produced within the country and, to a lesser extent, on purchases from the rest of the world. Similarly, during the recovery process, the momentum of imports is proving to be more moderate.

Spain | Trade deficit grows despite improvement in the energy balance

21 January 2016

In November, real good exports and imports behaved slightly better than pointed by central forecasts. Nevertheless, the accumulated deficit in the trade balance grew despite the improvement in the energy balance.

España | El déficit de la balanza comercial cae a pesar de la atonía de las exportaciones

22 December 2015

Tanto las exportaciones reales de bienes como las importaciones se comportaron en octubre algo peor que lo esperado. Sin embargo, el déficit acumulado en la balanza comercial disminuyó debido, principalmente, a la reducción de la factura energética

Spain | September trade balance shows an improvement of trade in 3Q15

19 November 2015

Both real exports and imports of goods recovered in September, closing the third quarter in positive territory. The accumulated trade balance deficit slightly increased again, despite the reduction of the energy bill

Spain | Potential channels of contagion of economic shocks in China and Greece

14 September 2015

China and Greece face the worsening of their growth expectations. Given the low importance of trade flows with both countries, the effect of these shocks on the spanish economy will be limited. If these shocks become a significant downturn in global trade flows or trigger an uncertainty increase in financial markets, the impact on Spanish economy would be greater.

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