Publications

The objective of the work is to analyze the historical evolution of Spanish exports, their composition and characteristics, in addition to Spain's participation in global value chains. A strategy is also identified to improve the complexity of foreign sales.

The eurozone economy has been virtually stagnant for several quarters now, underperforming expectations so far in the year's second half and with no clear signs of recovery on the horizon.

In recent months, inflation has shown signs of moderation in most countries, both developed and emerging, but there is still a ways to go before it reaches pre-pandemic levels.

After 50 days since the start of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, we take a look back at what has happened to commodity prices and offer a few ideas about their likely future trend.

In the past few months the focus of debate on the global outlook has shifted from the economic impact of the pandemic to how value-chain bottlenecks could affect production and inflation.

Despite the difficult global context brought about by COVID, the Spanish exports of goods maintained their export market destination and gained competitiveness and share in international trade. Outlook is favourable, although the uncertainty about the pandemic remains high and its impact on global activity is relevant.

The expansion of global trade has slowed in recent years, following a long period of exuberance. How will trade flows evolve over the next decade, taking into account recent trends such as the pandemic and climate change, as well as other factors?

The drop in the volume of global trade is reflecting the most severe global recession since the Second World War, both due to the economies affected and the intensity of the expected falls in GDP over the middle quarters of 2020.