Publications

The Spanish economy is entering a new phase of expansion in which the drivers of recent growth are running out of steam. Replacing these with new ones will bring a sense of having already crossed this bridge. But neither the Spanish economy nor the bridge are the same as before.

Birth rates in Colombia have dropped to 1.6 children per woman, accelerating aging. This pressures pension and healthcare systems. Encouraging births without improving labor and care conditions is ineffective. Public policy must adjust with reforms to ensure sustainability and well-being.

Remittances sent by Latin Americans from abroad are becoming more significant, accounting for 2.3% of the GDP of Latin America and the Caribbean. In 2024, these flows reached $160.9 billion, increasing $7.7 billion compared to 2023. Remittances affect the well-being of their recipients and reflect migration dynamics.

DiGiX aims to capture the global evolution of digitization by monitoring this pheonomenon across 98 countries. Our index combines 24 variables grouped in six dimensions that represent three pillars: supply (infrastructure and costs), demand (users, government and enterprise adoption), and institutional environment.

This Working Paper proposes a dynamic equilibrium model to study the transition to a decarbonized economy, the interaction between technology and fiscal policy, and its macroeconomic and well-being effects.

The discussion about the role of natural resources in economic activity is not new, although environmental pressures and the loss of biodiversity have increased its interest.

The average social welfare in OECD countries would have decreased by 1.9% during the past decade if the damages caused by CO2 emissions had been internalized. Nevertheless, a net intertemporal gain could have been achieved by preventing the most severe future outcomes of global warming, which entail a substantial cost.

European Commission proposals to mitigate the impact of electricity price inflation on households disposable income and business costs must consider how they affect security of supply and decarbonization.