Publications

BBVA Research’s Big Data consumption indicator shows that spending remained broadly stable during the 2025 Christmas season, with a slight increase of 0.3% compared to the same period of the previous year.

Between 2025 and 2027, GDP will be driven by domestic demand: resilient household consumption, supportive public spending and investment boosted by a healthier construction sector. Persistently high inflation, cautious monetary policy and a wide fiscal deficit weigh on the outlook.

The Colombian economy will grow by 2.5% in 2025 and 2.7% in 2026, driven by domestic demand while investment begins a gradual recovery. Sticky inflation and fiscal challenges will condition the pace of interest rate cuts by the Central Bank.

We examine the transmission of monetary policy shocks to the macroeconomy at high frequency. To do this, we build daily consumption and investment aggregates using bank transaction records and leverage administrative data for measures of daily gross output and employment for Spain.

Colombia’s economy gains traction through consumption and easing interest rates, while investment gradually recovers. Inflation is declining, yet fiscal risks persist. Global uncertainty—with trade and financial tensions—adds pressure. Moderate growth is forecast for 2025 and 2026.

The Turkish economy grew by 1.0% q/q in 1Q25, leading to an annual growth rate of 2.0%. Our monthly GDP indicator nowcasts a deceleration to a quarterly growth nearing 0% in 2Q25, which would start improving in 3Q25 with more supportive conditions.

High frequency data for 1Q25 point that the q/q growth will likely remain steady as in 4Q24, supported by the domestic demand. Despite the uncertainty on trade wars and recent tightening in financial conditions, we evaluate risks as balanced on our 2025 GDP growth forecast of 3.5%, given the strong buffer of 1Q25 growth.