Publications

The analysis of regional data in Spain since 2000 reveals a growing divergence in productivity per worker. Regions with the highest demographic and employment growth experience an increase in total GDP but slower growth in GDP per capita, which hinders economic convergence.

Household savings in Spain do not depend solely on income. A typical household saved 19% of its income in 2024, but this figure hides significant differences. Factors such as household size, housing tenure (rent or ownership), and area of residence are key determinants.

Despite poverty reduction in Mexico (2018-2024), PISA 2025 results reveal an educational stagnation. Seven out of ten students fail to reach the minimum level in mathematics, and the gap between socioeconomic strata persists, highlighting a structural problem in the quality of education.

In Mexico, differences in exposure to financial learning are observed across income levels. Higher-income adults report greater exposure from an early age, and these experiences are associated with relatively higher ownership of financial products.

In the second quarter of 2026, labor poverty in Mexico rebounded to 31.9%, 1.2 points above the historic low of the previous quarter. This increase is associated with a rise in labor informality, with the occupation rate reaching 30.2%, its highest level in more than 20 years.

This working paper analyzes the financing system for singular competencies in Spain, which generates disparate valuations and equity problems between territories. The problem is illustrated with 2023 data, and suggestions are proposed to eliminate inconsistencies and improve the system's transparency.

This Working Paper analyzes the 2024 settlement of the financing system for Spain's common-regime autonomous communities. It calculates the definitive financing for homogeneous competences, which grew by 9.45% compared to 2023. It also quantifies interregional redistribution flows and the evolution of resources until 2027.