Publications

GDP is projected to grow by around 2.5% in 2025 and 1.7% in 2026, maintaining a pace close to the medium-term trend despite a slowdown. This deceleration will be largely driven by shifts in U.S. trade policy and the heightened uncertainty they have triggered.

In 1985, Spain joined what was then the European Economic Community. Four decades down the line, the balance is very positive in terms of growth, employment, and well-being, although it also reveals certain outstanding issues that Spain would do well to address.

Economic growth in Spain has been based on extensive factors (which may be temporary): incorporating more people into the labor market has been decisive. In contrast, productivity (the intensive and unlimited factor of growth) has yet to take off.

The pig farming sector in Colombia has grown 171% over the last two decades, with improvements in productivity, technification, and health standards. The increasing trend in domestic pork demand represents an opportunity for sector development.

The latest Social Security enrollment figures for March come as welcome news for the Spanish economy, yet they are also a timely reminder that job creation alone is not enough in itself: we also need it to be more productive.

The Mexican economy faces significant structural challenges. The 2024 Economic Census provides key data on business growth, employment, productivity, and issues related to informality and widespread use of cash, which are essential for shaping economic development policies.

So far, the impact of the Next Generation EU funds on investment and productivity has been less than expected. However, with a broad consensus and structural reforms, Spain should be able to realize its potential and consolidate more solid, sustainable, and productive growth.

Colombia is advancing in artificial intelligence with the national policy CONPES 4144, which invests $479 million to boost productivity until 2030. It focuses on 6 pillars, promoting regional hubs and strengthening public-private collaboration to ensure equitable benefits, especially for SMEs and rural areas.