Filter all of our publications to find the ones you are most interested in by content language, date, geography and/or topic.
Sort our publications chronologically from newest to oldest, regardless of geography and/or topic matter.
Sort publications according to the number of time reads by our users, regardless of geography and/or topic matter.
By the end of 2024, the public deficit is expected to finish at levels similar to those of 2019. However, this apparent similarity hides profound differences in the composition of revenues and expenses.
Retail electricity prices are adjusted in response to fluctuations in wholesale markets, shaped by the regulatory policies of each country and, where relevant, consumer willingness to pay a premium to mitigate price volatility.
This Working Paper analyzes the changes in the definitive financing of the autonomous communities under the common system from 2002 to 2021.
A specific tax on banks leads to an equilibrium with less credit and a higher cost, lower growth in activity and employment, and lower revenues than initially expected.
Taxation is a key tool for climate action and helps society achieve its decarbonization goals. Environmental taxation in Spain needs far-reaching reform, with taxable activities and rates that reflect the true extent of the negative externaliti…
The tax reform includes social measures, mainly transitory, to mitigate the effects of the pandemic on the most vulnerable and raises revenues in COP15.2 trillion on a permanent basis. Of this, 70% from corporate taxes and the rest from anti-evasion and austerity. The fiscal rule is also reformed.
The 2022 economic package reinforces the commitment to fiscal discipline. The forecast of higher tax revenue is supported by improved intake practices and streamlining actions with more fiscal oversight for the compliance of tax payments. The federal law of income does not contemplate creating or raising taxes.
The latest political discussions within and outside of the Congress have placed the tax reform in uncertainty. It is necessary to reach agreements and quickly approve the best version of the reform in order to avoid negative effects on the econ…
After weeks of waiting, the Government's tax and social reform proposal is now published. The proposal seeks to stabilize the public debt and presents several issues to improve the tax system and social spending, while some issues should be dis…
The COVID-19 crisis will cause an unprecedented deterioration in public finances, which will dwarf even the deficit and debt levels seen during the Great Recession. It is essential that Spain emerges from the crisis in a position to resume the …
Lower tax revenue would lead to a higher primary deficit (ceteris paribus). To meet the primary deficit target of 0.4% of GDP for 2020 under the aforementioned contraction range, the federal government would need to cut down public expenditure by MXN 209 billion and MXN 418 billion in 2020, respectively.
Predictably, Spain closed 2019 with a public deficit that was closer to 2.5% of GDP than to 2%, meaning little change in comparison with 2018. This almost complete lack of improvement means that fiscal consolidation efforts will be carried over to this year.
