Publications

The Kaya identity is an analytical tool that helps to understand the behavior of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions through four factors: population, GDP per capita, the energy intensity of the economy, and the emissions intensity of energy.

Europe has managed to secure its gas supply one winter after another following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, and the market has taken note. But that doesn’t mean things are back to normal.

In a context marked by the absence of the U.S. and geopolitical divisions, COP30 seeks to move from ambition to measurable action, with concrete progress on national climate goals, financing, forest conservation, climate adaptation, and international carbon markets.

Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) can be a strategic opportunity to decarbonize Spain’s industry, boosting its competitiveness and helping meet climate goals. Spain should deploy a strategy that aligns regulations and incentives to support industrial innovation.

The production of liquid hydrocarbons of Pemex in the third quarter of 2025 vs. the previous quarter showed an increment of 17.6 thousand barrels a day mainly due to a higher production of heavy and light crude oil by 17.9 thousand barrels a day.

The question is not whether the world will decarbonize, but whether it will be achieved efficiently and in time to mitigate climate change.

The new administration's announcements in the United States on trade policy have led to significant alterations in global production and value chains. One reflection of these variations was the performance of commodity markets.