Publications

Household savings in Spain do not depend solely on income. A typical household saved 19% of its income in 2024, but this figure hides significant differences. Factors such as household size, housing tenure (rent or ownership), and area of residence are key determinants.

The rise of extortion in Peru is analyzed as an efficient criminal market: high profits, near-total impunity, and low opportunity costs for criminals. This phenomenon, driven by informality and institutional weakness, negatively impacts the national economy by 3.1% of GDP.

Mexico’s economy grew just 0.6% in 2025. A 1.3% drop in secondary activities was partly offset by gains in the primary sector (4.2%) and services (1.5%). The report analyzes the 46.8% surge in computer and electronics exports and the 13 Economic Development Poles (Polos de Desarrollo Económico para el Bienestar).

Construction GDP decreased by 1.0% in 2025. The mortgage market shrank by 2.9% in loan amount, explained by the decrease in banking activity and despite the growth of Infonavit.

MSMEs are the backbone of employment in Mexico, but face widening gaps with large firms in productivity, financing, and digitalization. These constraints limit their contribution to value added and shape growth prospects in a context of lower global economic dynamism.

Private consumption is set to grow by 3.3% in 2025, two-tenths higher than in 2024, and by 2.5% in 2026, driven by expected increases in household disposable income and wealth. Durable goods and services will continue to lead the expansion in spending.

Construction GDP contracted by 1.1% in the first half of 2025, driven by a 24.6% decline in Civil Works. The mortgage market shrank by 9.2% , affected by a weak labor market and rising housing prices.